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Urological Diseases

Common urological diseases include conditions that affect the urinary system and male reproductive organs. Here are some of the most common ones:

Kidney Disorders

  • Kidney Stones – Hard mineral deposits that form in the kidneys, causing severe pain.
  • Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) – Progressive loss of kidney function.
  • Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) – Genetic disorder causing fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys.
  • Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) – Sudden loss of kidney function due to injury or infection.

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

  • Bacterial infections affecting the bladder (cystitis), urethra (urethritis), or kidneys (pyelonephritis).
  • More common in women but can affect men and children.

Bladder Disorders

  • Overactive Bladder (OAB) – Frequent urge to urinate, often with incontinence.
  • Interstitial Cystitis (Painful Bladder Syndrome) – Chronic bladder pain and discomfort.
  • Neurogenic Bladder – Nerve damage affecting bladder control.
  • Bladder Cancer – Uncontrolled growth of bladder cells, often linked to smoking.

Prostate Disorders (Male-specific)

  • Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) – Enlarged prostate causing urinary issues.
  • Prostatitis – Inflammation of the prostate, often painful.
  • Prostate Cancer – Common cancer in men, often detected by PSA tests

Urethral Disorders

  • Urethral Stricture – Narrowing of the urethra due to scarring or injury.
  • Hypospadias – Birth defect where the urethra opening is on the underside of the penis.

Male Reproductive Disorders

  • Erectile Dysfunction (ED) – Inability to achieve or maintain an erection.
  • Male Infertility – Issues like low sperm count or motility.
  • Varicocele – Enlarged veins in the scrotum affecting sperm production.
  • Testicular Cancer – Cancer of the testes, common in young men.

Urinary Incontinence

  • Stress Incontinence – Leaking urine due to pressure (e.g., coughing, sneezing).
  • Urge Incontinence – Sudden urge to urinate, leading to involuntary leakage.
  • Overflow Incontinence – Inability to empty the bladder completely.
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