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Ophthalmic Diseases

Cataracts

Cause: Clouding of the eye’s lens due to aging, UV exposure, or injury
Symptoms:

  • Blurred or cloudy vision
  • Sensitivity to light and glare
  • Difficulty seeing at night
  • Faded colors
  • Frequent changes in prescription glasses

Glaucoma

Cause: Increased pressure in the eye damaging the optic nerve
Symptoms:

  • Gradual loss of peripheral (side) vision
  • Blurred vision
  • Halos around lights
  • Eye pain or headache (in acute glaucoma)
  • Red eyes

Macular Degeneration

Cause: Damage to the macula (central part of the retina)
Symptoms:

  • Blurry or distorted central vision
  • Straight lines appearing wavy
  • Difficulty reading or recognizing faces
  • Dark or empty spots in central vision

Diabetic Retinopathy

Cause: Damage to the retina due to diabetes
Symptoms:

  • Blurred or fluctuating vision
  • Dark or empty areas in vision
  • Floaters (dark spots or lines in vision)
  • Vision loss in advanced stages

Conjunctivitis

Cause: Viral or bacterial infection, allergies, or irritants
Symptoms:

  • Redness in the eye
  • Itching or burning sensation
  • Watery or thick discharge
  • Swollen eyelids
  • Light sensitivity

Dry Eye Syndrome

Cause: Insufficient tear production or poor-quality tears
Symptoms:

  • Dry, burning, or gritty sensation in the eyes
  • Redness and irritation
  • Blurred vision
  • Excessive tearing (reflex tears)

Retinal Detachment

Cause: Separation of the retina from its supporting tissue
Symptoms:

  • Sudden increase in floaters
  • Flashes of light in the vision
  • Shadow or curtain-like blockage in vision
  • Blurred or distorted vision

Keratoconus

Cause: Thinning and bulging of the cornea
Symptoms:

  • Blurred or distorted vision
  • Sensitivity to light
  • Frequent changes in eyeglass prescription
  • Difficulty seeing at night

Strabismus

Cause: Improper alignment of the eyes or weak eye muscles
Symptoms:

  • Misalignment of one or both eyes
  • Double vision
  • Poor depth perception
  • Vision loss in the weaker eye (in amblyopia)

Uveitis

Cause: Inflammation of the uvea (middle layer of the eye) due to infection, autoimmune disease, or injury
Symptoms:

  • Eye pain and redness
  • Blurred vision
  • Sensitivity to light
  • Floaters

When to See a Doctor?

Seek medical advice if you experience:
✅ Sudden vision loss or blurriness
✅ Eye pain or redness
✅ Flashes of light or floating spots
✅ Difficulty seeing at night
✅ Sensitivity to light

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