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Respiratory Diseases

Respiratory diseases affect the lungs, airways, and breathing process. Below are some common respiratory diseases along with their symptoms:

Common Cold

🔹 Symptoms:

  • Runny or stuffy nose
  • Sneezing and coughing
  • Sore throat
  • Mild fever
  • Fatigue

🔹 Cause: Viral infection (Rhinovirus, Adenovirus)

Influenza

🔹 Symptoms:

  • High fever
  • Cough and sore throat
  • Body aches and chills
  • Fatigue and weakness
  • Headache
  • Vomiting or diarrhea (sometimes in children)

🔹 Cause: Influenza virus

Asthma

🔹 Symptoms:

  • Wheezing and shortness of breath
  • Chest tightness
  • Persistent cough (especially at night or early morning)
  • Triggered by allergens, exercise, or cold air

🔹 Cause: Chronic inflammation and narrowing of airways

Pneumonia

🔹 Symptoms:

  • High fever and chills
  • Severe cough with mucus (yellow, green, or bloody)
  • Chest pain while breathing or coughing
  • Shortness of breath
  • Fatigue and confusion (especially in elderly)

🔹 Cause: Bacterial, viral, or fungal infection

🔹 Vaccine Available? ✅ Yes (Pneumococcal vaccine)

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

🔹 Symptoms:

  • Chronic cough with mucus
  • Shortness of breath (even at rest)
  • Wheezing and chest tightness
  • Fatigue and frequent respiratory infections

🔹 Cause: Smoking, long-term lung irritation

Tuberculosis

🔹 Symptoms:

  • Persistent cough (lasting more than 3 weeks)
  • Coughing up blood (hemoptysis)
  • Night sweats and fever
  • Weight loss and fatigue

🔹 Cause: Bacterial infection (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)

🔹 Vaccine Available? ✅ Yes (BCG vaccine)

Bronchitis

🔹 Symptoms:

  • Persistent cough with mucus
  • Sore throat and chest discomfort
  • Fatigue and mild fever
  • Shortness of breath

🔹 Cause: Viral or bacterial infection, smoking

🔹 Types:

  • Acute Bronchitis – Short-term, usually from infections
  • Chronic Bronchitis – Long-term, common in smokers

Emphysema

🔹 Symptoms:

  • Shortness of breath (especially during activity)
  • Chronic cough
  • Wheezing
  • Fatigue and weight loss

🔹 Cause: Damage to lung air sacs, mostly due to smoking

Sinusitis

🔹 Symptoms:

  • Facial pain and pressure (around the eyes, nose, and forehead)
  • Stuffy or runny nose
  • Headache
  • Fever and bad breath

🔹 Cause: Viral, bacterial, or fungal infection

Pleurisy

🔹 Symptoms:

  • Sharp chest pain while breathing or coughing
  • Shortness of breath
  • Fever (if infection is present)
  • Dry cough

🔹 Cause: Inflammation of the lining around the lungs

Pulmonary Embolism (PE)

🔹 Symptoms:

  • Sudden shortness of breath
  • Chest pain (worse when breathing deeply)
  • Rapid heart rate
  • Coughing up blood
  • Dizziness or fainting

🔹 Cause: Blood clot in the lungs (medical emergency!)

Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD)

🔹 Symptoms:

  • Persistent dry cough
  • Shortness of breath
  • Fatigue
  • Clubbing of fingers (in severe cases)

🔹 Cause: Lung tissue scarring from unknown causes

Cystic Fibrosis

🔹 Symptoms:

  • Thick mucus buildup in the lungs
  • Chronic cough
  • Frequent lung infections
  • Digestive issues and poor growth

🔹 Cause: Genetic disorder

Sleep Apnea

🔹 Symptoms:

  • Loud snoring
  • Pauses in breathing during sleep
  • Daytime fatigue and headaches
  • Poor concentration

🔹 Cause: Blocked airway during sleep (Obstructive Sleep Apnea)

COVID-19

🔹 Symptoms:

  • Fever and cough
  • Shortness of breath
  • Loss of taste or smell
  • Body aches and fatigue
  • Sore throat and headache

🔹 Cause: SARS-CoV-2 virus

🔹 Vaccine Available? ✅ Yes

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